2018 about 16 („Law of 2018“). Section 3 has been amended by Section 25, paragraph 2 of the Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020 (c. 1) („2020 Act“). Section 7A was inserted by Section 5 of the 2020 Act. In accordance with Article 138 of the EU Withdrawal Agreement and Section 7A of the 2018 Act, EU law in the area of the European Maritime And Fisheries Fund continues to apply to the UK with regard to the EU`s 2014-2020 multi-year financial framework. To the extent that the provisions of this EU law do not comply with Article 138 of the EU Withdrawal Agreement, they are revoked by this instrument. Non-compliance remains a major problem. In a number of EU fisheries, illegal fishing accounts for one third to half of all catches. [Citation required] Some commentators have described the common fisheries policy as catastrophic consequences for the environment. [12] [13] This view contrasts with historical evidence that fish stocks have declined chronically over the past century as a result of intensive trawling. [14] According to scientific studies published in 2010, the depletion of fish stocks is a consequence of mismanagement long before the Common Fisheries Policy came into force, as illustrated by the fact that UK fishing quotas have fallen by 94% over the past 118 years. [15] Nevertheless, the Common Fisheries Policy has continued the trend towards ineffective fisheries management in European waters. Indeed, the common fisheries policy has done little or nothing to reverse the decline in European fish stocks.

[16] A common criticism of CFP is its centralized approach to management, going from top to bottom; Although Member States are responsible for the implementation and implementation of policies, the members of the European Commission have given sole responsibility for the development of proposals and decision-making. The Commission is not solely responsible for setting allowable catch totals. These are proposed by the Commission, but ultimately set by the Council of Fisheries Ministers. The allocation of national fishing quotas to Member States is done on a predetermined basis – the so-called relative stability – which gives each Member State predetermined percentages of available fishing opportunities.